Pharmaceutical manufacturing has traditionally been performed using batch process techniques. Batch processes have been proven over many decades of use, but can have shortcomings when it comes to ...

The antibiotic cefazolin is an essential drug according to the World Health Organization (WHO). It is usually produced via batch manufacturing, but this multistep process is time-consuming, wasteful ...

One of the main challenges came from the complex structure of cefazolin itself. Until now, no one had seemingly been able to develop a reaction method capable of synthesizing a highly purified drug by ...

Discover the meaning of continuous operations, their advantages, disadvantages, and real-life applications to maintain ...

Aim: To demonstrate the potential of in-line nanoparticle size measurements using the NanoFlowSizer (NFS) as a PAT method. To achieve real-time process control by establishing automated regulation of ...

Although continuous flow chemistry—wherein molecules are made in a continuous process rather than in batches—has gained ground in academic labs, its adoption by industry and contract manufacturing ...