Supreme Court justices were stunned Tuesday when lawyers defending Hawaii’s so-called “vampire rule” — which restricts carrying guns on privately owned spaces without consent — pointed to racist laws in their defense of gun control.

Black Codes, enacted after the Civil War to restrict newly freed African Americans, took center stage at the Supreme Court on Tuesday as it considered a challenge to a Hawaii gun law. With the conservative majority’s Second Amendment test requiring states to justify gun measures with historical analogues,

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