HubSpot’s estimates of stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets, non-cash interest expense for amortization of debt issuance costs, restructuring charges, and income tax ...

Navan defines non-GAAP net income (loss) as GAAP net loss, excluding stock-based compensation-related charges, amortization of intangible assets, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs, ...

Learn about acquisition adjustments, their role in M&A premiums, and how they impact asset valuation, depreciation, and corporate taxes.