Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are the backbone of modern industrial automation, orchestrating critical operations across diverse sectors. As these controllers become increasingly complex, ...

The field of model checking has evolved into a fundamental technique for verifying the correctness of software and hardware systems. At its core, model checking systematically explores the state space ...

As conventional simulation-based testing has increasingly struggled to cope with design complexity, strategies centered around formal verification have quietly evolved In this article, I review the ...