Complex behaviour in many systems arises from the stochastic interactions of spatially distributed particles or agents. Stochastic reaction–diffusion processes are widely used to model such behaviour ...

Stochastic volatility is the unpredictable nature of asset price volatility over time. It's a flexible alternative to the Black Scholes' constant volatility assumption.

Crane, D. B. "A Stochastic Programming Model for Commercial Bank Bond Portfolio Management." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 6, no. 3 (June 1971).

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has significant impact on global climate and relevance for seasonal forecasts. Recently, a simple modeling framework was developed that captures the ENSO diversity, ...