Complexity theory is a fundamental branch of theoretical computer science that categorises computational problems according to their inherent difficulty and the resources required to solve them. At ...

Those that solve artificially simplified problems where quantum advantage is meaningless. Those that provide no genuine quantum advantage when all costs are properly accounted for. This critique is ...

Michael Kearns and Aaron Roth, professors at the University of Pennsylvania, suggest that the solution is to "embed precise definitions of fairness, accuracy, transparency, and ethics at the algorithm ...