Plasma, the fourth state of matter, consists of a gas in which electrons are no longer bound to atoms, which allows ...

University of Birmingham experts have created open-source computer software that helps scientists understand how fast-moving ...

Ultrafast lasers tracked plasma formation and ionization in copper with picosecond precision. Results show rapid ion growth ...

Lasers have been used by researchers to create conditions that mimic astrophysical behavior. The laboratory technique enables the study of outer-space-like plasma in a controlled and reproducible ...