Abstract: Effective waste management is important due to rapid urbanization, meaning cities generate more waste. Managing it properly is important for the environment. The main challenge in the waste ...

Introduction: Effective management of municipal solid waste (MSW)is a persistent challenge in India, where rapid urbanization and limited infrastructure contribute to unscientific disposal practices.

Abstract: Urban waste management systems often suffer from static collection schedules, inadequate segregation, and limited transparency, leading to resource wastage and environmental degradation.