Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) — The Master of Mathematics Swiss mathematician and physicist whose prolific work shaped nearly every branch of mathematics. 1. Mathematics Euler’s Identity: e^{ipi} 1 = 0 Euler’s Formula for Complex Exponentials: e^{ix} = cos x isin x Euler’s Theorem (Number Theory): Generalization of Fermat’s Little Theorem for coprime integers. Euler–Mascheroni Constant (): Discovered and studied this important constant in analysis. Graph Theory: Solved the Seven Bridges of Königsbe

Euler’s Identity is often regarded as the crown jewel of mathematics, a singular expression that captures the profound interconnectedness of the mathematical world. It seamlessly weaves together concepts from trigonometry, exponential growth, geometry, and complex numbers, uniting them in a breathtaking display of simplicity and elegance. At its heart are the most fundamental constants: the exponential base that drives natural growth and decay, the transcendental number defining the geometry of